Sirenian International, Inc. Bibliography Sirenian International is a grassroots organization of people from around the world who share a dedication to manatee & dugong research, education, and conservation.  This Bibliography was created with the help of Daryl P. Domning, the "Recent Literature Section" of Sirenews Issues 18, 24-43, and participating members of Sirenian International. Is was last updated 8 October 2005. It is not perfect, and primarily contains more recent references (post the published Sirenian Bibliography by D.P. Domning)so please forgive us and email us with any errors, ommissions, and/or replicate entries you find. There are over 750 entries listed below in alphabetical order by first author; use your Internet Browser to search (Crtl + F). We are working to create an Abstract Library - search for "abstract" to find any entries we have online. IF you are a Registered Member of SI, we will assist you in finding reprints - Just E-mail us! Links to More Sirenian Bibliographies Online

Anonymous. 1996. Manatees and boats. Mote News (Sarasota, Florida, Mote Marine Laboratory) 41(3): 5. [On compliance with speed zone regulations by boaters.]

Anonymous. 1996. Effects of red tide on manatee immune function. Mote News (Sarasota, Florida, Mote Marine Laboratory) 41(3): 11. [Brief popular account of in-vitro study of manatee lymphocytes.]

Anonymous. 1956. Hear manatee sounds for first time. Science News Letter 70:37.

Anonymous. 1976. Manatees in Belize. Oryx 13:230.

Anonymous. 1992. Rumble in Manateeville. People 37(19): 89. May 18, 1992. [Account of the Save the Manatee Club-Florida Audubon controversy.]

Anonymous. 1994. The Marine Observer's log. Manatees. Marine Observer 64(325): 109.

Anonymous. 1996. Effects of red tide on manatee immune function. Mote News (Sarasota, Florida, Mote Marine Laboratory) 41(3): 11. [Brief popular account of in-vitro study of manatee lymphocytes.]

Anonymous. 1996. Manatees and boats. Mote News (Sarasota, Florida, Mote Marine Laboratory) 41(3): 5. [On compliance with speed zone regulations by boaters.]

Anonymous. 1996. Manatees off. Sea Frontiers 42(1): 11. [Update on Florida manatee mortality in 1995.]

Anonymous. 2000. Better protection for Australian dugong. Marine Pollution Bull. 40(6): 467.

Anonymous. 2001. Dugong sanctuaries appear to be working. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 42: 336-337.

Abdullah, M.K. 1999. Dugongs in dire straits. Duniaku (Malaysia), Apr. 1999: 8.

Abellera, B.J. 1999. Manatees sojourn in Florida waters. Florida Wildlife 53(4): 32.

Ackerman, Bruce B. 1995. Aerial surveys of manatees: a summary and progress report. In Population Biology of the Florida Manatee, edited by T. J. O'Shea, B. B. Ackerman and H. F. Percival. Washington, D. C.: U. S. Department of the Interior, National Biological Service.

Ackerman, B.B., and J.A. Powell, Jr. 2001. Can manatee numbers continue to grow in a fast-developing state? In: D.S. Maehr, R.F. Noss, and J.L. Larkin (eds.), Large mammal restoration: ecological and sociological challenges in the 21st century. Covelo (Calif.), Island Press Books: 313-320. [From the Symposium on Large Mammal Restoration: Ecological and Sociological Considerations, The Wildlife Society national conference, Austin, Texas, Sept. 7-11, 1999.]

Ackerman, Bruce B., Scott D. Wright, Robert K. Bonde, Daniel K. Odell, and Donna J. Banowetz. 1995. Trends and patterns in mortality of manatees in Florida, 1974-1992. In Population Biology of the Florida Manatee, edited by T. J. O'Shea, B. B. Ackerman and H. F. Percival. Washington, D. C.: U. S. Department of the Interior, National Biological Service.

Adulyanukosal, K., and S. Chantrapornsyl. 1994. Occurrence of dugong (Dugong dugon) in Thai waters and feeding biology of dugong in captivity. Third ASEAN-Australia Symposium on Living Coastal Resources (Bangkok, ChulalongkornUniversity), Proceedings, Vol. 2, Research Papers: 503-504.

Adulyanukosol, K., S. Chantrapornsyl, and S. Poovachiranon. 1997. An aerial survey of dugong (Dugong dugon) in Andaman coast, Thailand. Thai Fisheries Gazette 50(5): 359-374.

Agudo, A. Ignacio. 1994. Primer catalogo general de Sirenios recientes depositados en museos y colecciones biologicas venezolanas (Mammalia:Sirenia:Trichechidae). Anartia (7).

Aipanjiguly, S., S.K. Jacobson, and R. Flamm. 2003. Conserving manatees: knowledge, attitudes, and intentions of boaters in Tampa Bay, Florida. Conserv. Biol. 17(4): 1098-1105.

Aketa, Kana {a}; Asano, Siro; Wakai, Yoshihito; Kawamura, Akito. 2001. Apparent digestibility of eelgrass in dugongs (Dugong dugon). Honyurui Kagaku 41(1), June 2001: 23-34.

Aketa, K. and A. Kawamura. 2001. Digestive functions in sirenians (review). Bull. Fac. Bioresources, Mie University No. 27: 85-103. [In Japanese; Engl. summ.]

Alava, M.N.R., and A.A.S.P. Yaptinchay. 1997. Marine mammals. Philippine Red data Book. Makati City (Philippines), Bookmark, Inc. (xiii + 262 pp.): 169-246.

Allen, E., and L. Carol. 2001. The cry of the manatee. "the Word" Magazine (Kardinya, Western Australia) No. 1: 12-15.

Allen, S., H. Marsh, and A. Hodgson. 2004. Occurrence and conservation of the dugong (Sirenia: Dugongidae) in New South Wales. Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 125: 211-216.

Alma�a, C. 1998. Baleias, focas e peixes-bois: na hist�ria natural Portuguesa. Lisbon, Museu Bocage, Museu Nacional de Hist�ria Natural: 1-105.

Alsina-Guerrero, M.M., M.A. Rodr�guez-L�pez, and A.A. Mignucci-Giannoni. 2001. Assessment of the use of San Juan Bay, Puerto Rico, by dolphins and manatees. Page 5 in Abstracts, Fourteenth Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals. 28 November�3 December 2001. Vancouver, British Columbia.

Ambrose, P. 1999. Dugong populations to be further protected. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 38(4): 235-236.

Ames, A.L., and E.S. Van Vleet. 1996. Organochlorine residues in the Florida manatee, Trichechus manatus latirostris. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 32(4): 374-377.

Ames, A.L., E.S. Van Vleet, and W.M. Sackett. 1996. The use of stable carbon isotope analysis for determining the dietary habits of the Florida manatee, Trichechus manatus latirostris. Mar. Mamm. Sci. 12(4): 555-563.

Ames, A.L., E.S. Van Vleet, and J.E. Reynolds, III. 2002. Comparison of lipids in selected tissues of the Florida manatee (Order Sirenia) and bottlenose dolphin (Order Cetacea; Suborder Odontoceti). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 132B(3): 625-634.

Amrine, H.M., and M.S. Springer. 1999. Maximum-likelihood analysis of the tethythere hypothesis based on a multigene data set and a comparison of different models of sequence evolution. Jour. Mamm. Evol. 6(2): 161-176.

Amsler, K. 1995. Lamantins. Le crepuscule des sirenes. Oceanorama 24: 21-24. June 1995.

Anderson, P.K. 1995. Scarring and photoidentification of dugongs (Dugong dugon) in Shark Bay, Western Australia. Aquat. Mamms. 21(3): 205-211.

Anderson, I. 1996. Aborigines spare the dugong. New Scientist 151(2042): 5.

Anderson, P.K. 1995. Competition, predation, and the evolution and extinction of Steller's sea cow, Hydrodamalis gigas. Mar. Mamm. Sci. 11(3): 391-394.

Anderson, P.K. 1997. Shark Bay dugongs in summer. I: Lek mating. Behaviour 134(5-6): 433-462.

Anderson, P.K. 1998. Shark Bay dugongs (Dugong dugon) in summer. II: Foragers in a Halodule-dominated community. Mammalia 62(3): 409-425.

Anderson, P.K. 2002. Habitat, Niche, and Evolution of Sirenian Mating Systems. Journal of Mammalian Evolution 9(1/2):55-98. **

Anderson, Paul K., and R.M.R. Barclay. 1995. Acoustic signals of solitary dugongs: physical characteristics and behavioral correlates. Journal of Mammalogy 76 (4):1226-1237.

Anderson, P.K., and D.P. Domning. 2002. Steller's Sea Cow (Hydrodamalis gigas). In: W.F. Perrin, B. W�rsig, and J.G.M. Thewissen, eds., Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals. Academic Press, San Diego: 1178-1181. [NOTE: Information on sirenians appears in many articles in this work in addition to the principal sirenian articles cited here.]

Angelici, F.M., I. Grimod, and E. Politano. 1999. Mammals of the Eastern Niger Delta (Rivers and Bayelsa States, Nigeria): an environment affected by a gas-pipeline. Folia Zool. 48(4): 249-264.

Aragones, L., and H. Marsh, 1999. Impact of dugong grazing and turtle cropping on tropical seagrass communities. Pacific Conservation Biology 5(4):277-288.

Arnold, D.W. 1996. Saving the manatees ... the State's approach to manatee recovery. Mote News (Sarasota, Florida, Mote Marine Laboratory) 41(3): 6-7.

As-Saruri, M.L., P.J. Whybrow, and M.E. Collinson. 1998. Discovery of fruits, seeds and vertebrates in the Kaninah and Mayfa'ah Formations (Middle Eocene), Republic of Yemen. Zs. Geol. Wiss. 26(5-6): 697-703.

Astibia, H., X. Murelaga, A. Payros, X. Pereda, and J. Tosquella. 1999. Fossil turtles and sirenians from the marine Eocene of Navarre and Jaca Basin. Geogaceta 25: 15-18.

Au, W.W.L. 1997. Some hot topics in animal bioacoustics. Jour. Acoust. Soc. Amer. 101 (5, Part 1): 2433-2441.

Auil, Nicole E. 1998. Belize Manatee Recovery Plan. Kingston, Jamaica: UNDP/GEF Coastal Zone Management Project, BZE/92/G31, Belize/UNEP Caribbean Environment Programme.

Auil, Nicole. 1996. UNDP/GEF CZMP Manatee Project Progress Report: September - November 1996. Belize City, Belize: Coastal Zone Management Project.

Auil, Nicole. 1997. UNDP/GEF Coastal Zone Management Project Manatee Research Progress Report: December 1996 - February 1997. Belize City, Belize: Coastal Zone Management Project.

Auil, Nicole. 1997. UNDP/GEF Coastal Zone Management Project Manatee Research Progress Report: July - September 1997. Belize City, Belize: Coastal Zone Management Project.

Auil, Nicole. 1997. UNDP/GEF Coastal Zone Management Project Manatee Research Progress Report: March - July 1997. Belize City, Belize: Coastal Zone Management Project.

Auil, Nicole. 1998. UNDP/GEF Coastal Zone Management Project Manatee Research Progress Report: October 1997 - March 1998. Belize City, Belize: Coastal Zone Management Project.

Auil, Nicole. 1998. UNDP/GEF Coastal Zone Management Project Manatee Research Progress Report: March - April 1998. Belize City, Belize: Coastal Zone Management Project.

Auil, N. E. 2004. Abundance and distribution trends of the West Indian manatee in the coastal zone of Belize: Implications for conservation. Masters thesis. Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences. Texas A&M University. College Station, Texas. DOWNLOAD PDF 1.2MB

Axis-Arroyo, J., B. Morales-Vela, D. Torruco-G6mez, and M.E. Vega-Cendejas. 1998. Variables asociadas con el uso dehabitat del manati del Caribe (Trichechus manatus), en Quintana Roo, Mexico (Mammalia). Rev. Biol. Trop. 46(3): 791803.[Engl. summ.]

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Bachteler, D., and G. Dehnhardt. 1998. Tactile sensitivity of facial vibrissae in the Antillean manatee. [Abstr.] Zoology:Analysis of Complex Systems 101 (Suppl. 1): 44.

Bachteler, D., and G. Dehnhardt. 1999. Active touch performance in the Antillean manatee: evidence for a functionaldifferentiation of facial tactile hairs. Zoology, Analysis of Complex Systems 102(1): 61-69. Abstract

Bagnato, M., L. Cotroneo, and P. Damarco. 2000. I sirenidi fossili della Provincia di Vibo Valentia. Bol. Gruppo Paleontologico Tropeano, Dec. 2000: 4-10. [Late Miocene Metaxytherium from southern Italy.]

Bajpai, S., and D. P. Domning. 1997. A new Dugonginae sirenian from the early Miocene of India. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontolog 17 (1):219-228. Abstract

Baldwin, R. 1995. Abu Dhabi and the disappearing dugong. Tribulus 5(2): 7-8.

Baldwin, R. 1996. Marine mammals. In: P.J. Vine (ed.), Natural Emirates: wildlife and environment of the United Arab Emirates. London, Trident Press (248 pp.): 199-212.

Baldwin, R., and V.G. Cockcroft. 1997. Are dugongs, Dugong dugon, in the Arabian Gulf safe? Aquatic Mammals 23(2): 73-74.

Banks, N., and V.A. Lima. 1995. Enciclop�dia dos sir�nios: peixes-bois e dugongos. Recife (Brazil), Univ. Federal Rural de Pernambuco: 1-229. [A compilation of quotations and data from published literature, arranged by topics including history, paleontology, distribution, systematics, morphology of organ systems, predators and parasites, economic aspects, and conservation. In Portuguese.]

Barnes, L.G. 1998. The sequence of fossil marine mammal assemblages in M�xico. Univ. Auton. Estad. Hidalgo, Publ. Especial 1: 26ff.

Barnes, L.G. 2000. Dugong feeding on sea grass [caption to a photograph by Pete Atkinson]. Terra (Nat. Hist. Museum of Los Angeles County, Calif.) 37(3): 3.

Barnes, L.G., and J.L. Goedert. 2001. Stratigraphy and paleoecology of Oligocene and Miocene desmostylian occurrences in western Washington State, U.S.A. Bull. Ashoro Museum of Paleontology 2: 7-22.

Barnett, A.A., and M.L. Prangley. 1997. Mammalogy in the Republic of Guinea: an overview of research from 1946 to 1996, a preliminary check-list and a summary of research recommendations for the future. Mammal Rev. 27(3): 115-164.

Barrett, O. W. 1935. Notes concerning manatees and dugongs. Journal of Mammalogy 16 (3):216-220.

Barrett, T., and B.K. Rima. 2002. Molecular biology of morbillivirus diseases of marine mammals. In: C.J. Pfeiffer (ed.), Molecular and Cell Biology of Marine Mammals. Malabar, Kreiger Publishing Company: 161-172.

Baughman, J. L. 1946. Some early notices on American manatees and the mode of their capture. Journal of Mammalogy 27 (3):234-239.

Baumgardner, G.D., and D.M. Brooks. 2001. Documentation of West Indian manatee Trichecus [sic] manatus (Mammalia: Sirenia) from San Jose Island, Aransas County, Texas. Texas Jour. Sci. Vol.53(55?)No.3: 292-294.

Beasley, I., and T.A. Jefferson. 1997. Marine mammals of Borneo: a preliminary checklist. Sarawak Museum Jour.51(72)(N.S.): 193-210.

Beck, C. A., R. K. Bonde, and G. B. Rathbun. 1982. Analyses of propeller wounds on manatees in Florida. Journal of Wildlife Management 46:531-535.

Beck, Cathy A., and James P. Reid. 1995. An automated photo-identification catalog for studies of the life history of the Florida manatee. In Population Biology of the Florida Manatee, edited by T. J. O'Shea, B. B. Ackerman and H. F. Percival: National Biological Service.

Behler, D.A. 1996. Manatee update. Wildlife Conservation 99(4): 16. [Report on "Chessie"'s travels and Spring 1996 manatee die-off.]

Belitsky, D. W., and C. L. Belitsky. 1980. Distribution and abundance of manatees (Trichechus manatus) in the Dominican Republic. Biological Conservation 17:313-319.

Belize Coastal Zone Management Authority and Institute. Manatee News. Published semi-annually. Edited by Nicole E. Auil. # 8 St. Marks Street, Belize City, Belize, Central America. www.coastalzonebelize.org/pr_manatee.html

Bengtson, John L. 1981. Ecology of Manatees (Trichechus manatus) in the St. John's River, Florida. Ph. D. dissertation, University of Minnesota.

Bengtson, John L. 1983. Estimating food consumption of free-ranging manatees in Florida. Journal of Wildlife Management 47 (4):1186-1192.

Bengtson, John L., and Diana Magor. 1979. A survey of manatees in Belize. Journal of Mammalogy 60 (1):230-232.

Bengtson, John L., and Shannon M. Fitzgerald. 1985. Potential role of vocalizations in West Indian manatees. Journal of Mammalogy 66 (4):816-819.

Bertram, G. C. L., and C. K. Ricardo Bertram. 1964. Manatees in the Guianas. Zoologica 49 (2):115-120.

Bertram, G. L. C. 1974. Conservation of Sirenia, current status and perspectives for action. Morges, Switzerland: International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.

Best, Robin C. 1981. Foods and feeding habits of wild and captive Sirenia. Mammal Review 11 (1):3-29.

Best, R. C. 1982. Seasonal Breeding in the Amazonian Manatee, Trichechus inunguis (Mammalia: Sirenia). Biotropica 14, 76�78.

Best, Robin C. 1983. Apparent dry-season fasting in Amazonian manatees (Mammalia: Sirenia). Biotropica 15 (1):61-64.

Best, Robin C., Gilberto A. Ribeiro, Megumi Yamakoshi, and Vera M. F. Da Silva. 1982. Artificial feeding for unweaned Amazonian manatees. International Zoo Yearbook 22:263-267.

Beveridge, J. 2000. Belize: wildlife paradise. Aqua Geographia 20: 38-56. [Four photos of Antillean manatees, p. 45.]

Bhaskar, S. and G.C. Rao. 1992. Present status of some endangered animals in Nicobar Islands. Jour. Andaman Sci. Assoc. 8(2): 181-186.

Bianucci, G., and W. Landini. 2003. Metaxytherium medium (Mammalia: Sirenia) from Upper Miocene sediments of the Arenaria di Ponsano Formation (Tuscany, Italy). Riv. Ital. Pal. Stratig. 109(3): 567-573. [Italian summ.]

Bianucci, G., P. Mazza, D. Merola, G. Sarti, and A. Cascella. 2001. The Early Pliocene mammal assemblage of Val di Pugna (Tuscany, Italy) in the light of calcareous plankton biostratigraphical data and paleoecological observations. Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia 107(3): 425-438.

Bit�, J., H. Marsh, and I. Lawler. 2003. The quality of seagrass as a dugong food resource: the importance of the effects of season and water depth. [Abstract.] Gulf of Mexico Science 21(1): 121-122.

Bisbal E., F.J. 1998. Mam�feros de la Pen�nsula de Paria, Estado Sucre, Venezuela y sus relaciones biogeogr�ficas. Interciencia 23(3): 176-181.

Bisselink, A.M. 1990. Manatees at Burgers' Zoo, Arnhem, The Netherlands. IZN (International Zoo News) 37(7)(224): 5-7.

Bizzarini, F. 1994. Osservazioni sull'Halitherium schinzi Kaup, 1838 (Sirenia, Mammalia) conservato presso il Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Venezia. Boll. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Venezia 43: 163-171. [In Italian; Engl. summ.]

Bizzotto, B. 2005. La struttura cranica di Prototherium intermedium (Mammalia: Sirenia) dell�Eocene superiore Veneto. Nuovi Contributi alla sua anatomia e sistematica. Lavori Soc. Ven. Sci. Nat. 30: 107-125.

Blaszkiewitz, B. 1995. Die Seekuhanlage im Tierpark Berlin-Friedrichsfelde. Zool. Garten (N.F.) 65: 175-181.

Blaszkiewitz, B. 1995. Humboldt, Columbus, Therese von Bayern - Seek�he im Tierpark Berlin. Zoofreund 95: 16.

Blaszkiewitz, B. 1996. Berliner Seekuh-Chronik. Manati 11(1): [pp.?]

Blaszkiewitz, B. 1997. [Florida and its manatees.] Bongo 27: 45-48.

Blaszkiewitz, B. 1998. [On a manatee stillbirth in the Berlin zoo.] Zool. Garten 68(2): 134. [In German.]

Blaszkiewitz, B. 2003. Seekuh-Darstellungen in Tiergaerten. [Sea cow representations in zoos.] Milu 11(1): 86-92.

Blaszkiewitz, B., and R. Reinhard. 1996. S�ugetierkundliche Notizen aus indonesischen Zoos. Milu (Berlin) 8: 875-884. [Includes photos of a dugong in the Surabaya Zoo.]

Blaszkiewitz, B. 2000. Masse und Gewichte einer Seekuh-Fr�hgeburt. Milu (Berlin) 10: 208-210.

Blaszkiewitz, B. 2001. Seekuh-Zwillinge im Tierpark Berlin-Friedrichsfelde. Milu 10(4): 427-429.

Bohaska, D.J. 1998. Fossil marine mammals of the lower Miocene Pollack Farm site, Delaware. In: R.N. Benson (ed.),Geology and paleontology of the lower Miocene Pollack Farm site, Delaware. Delaware Geol. Surv. Special Publ.21:179-191. [Dugongid rib fragments from the Calvert Formation, 183-184.]

Boice, L.P. 1996. Managing endangered species on military lands. Endangered Species Update 13(7-8): 1-5? [Manatees in Florida and Puerto Rico.]

Bonde, R.K., A.A. Aguirre, and J. Powell. 2004. Manatees as sentinels of marine ecosystem health: are they the 2000-pound canaries? EcoHealth 1: 255-262.

BONDE, ROBERT K.; A. ALONSO AGUIRRE and JAMES POWELL. 2004. Manatees as sentinels of marine ecosystem health: Are they the 2000-pound canaries? ECOHEALTH 1(3):255-262.**

Borobia, M., and L. Lodi. 1992. Recent observations and records of the West Indian manatee Trichechus manatus in northeastern Brazil. Biol. Conserv. 59(1): 37-43.

Bossart, G.D. 1999. The Florida manatee: On the verge of extinction? Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 214 (8):1178-1183.

Bossart, G.D. 2001. Manatees. In: L.A. Dierauf and F.M.D. Gulland (eds.), CRC handbook of marine mammal medicine. Second ed. CRC Press, Boca Raton (lvii + 1063): 939-960.

Bossart, G.D., D.G. Baden, R.Y. Ewing, B. Roberts, and S.D. Wright. 1998. Brevetoxicosis in manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) from the 1996 epizootic: gross, histologic, and immunohistochemical features. Toxicological Pathology 26(2): 276-282.

Bossart, G.D., D.G. Baden, R.Y. Ewing, and S.D. Wright. 2002. Manatees and brevetoxicosis. In: C.J. Pfeiffer (ed.), Molecular and Cell Biology of Marine Mammals. Malabar, Kreiger Publishing Company: 205-212.

Bossart G, Baden D, Ewing R, and Wright S. 2002. Manatees and Brevetoxicosis. In: Molecular and Cell Biology of Marine Mammals. 2002. Carl Pfeiffer (ed.) Krieger Publishing Co, Malabar, Florida, p 205-212.

Bossart, G.D., R.Y. Ewing, M. Lowe, M. Sweat, S.J. Decker, C.J. Walsh, S.-J. Ghim, and A.B. Jenson. 2002. Viral papillomatosis in Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris). Experimental and Molecular Pathology 72(1): 37-48.

Bossart, G.D., R. Meisner, S.A. Rommel, J.A. Lightsey, R.A. Varela, and R.H. Defran. 2004. Pathologic findings in Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris). Aquatic Mammals 30(3): 434-440.

Bossart, G.D., R.A. Meisner, S.A. Rommel, Shin-je Ghim, and A.B. Jenson. 2003. Pathological features of the Florida manatee cold stress syndrome. Aquatic Mammals 29(1):9-17. ** Abstract

Bossart GD, Meisner R, Rommel SA, Lightsey JA, Varela RA, and Defran RH. 2004. Pathologic findings in Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris). Aquatic Mammals 30 (3): 434-440. This has mortality information on 68 cases suitable for histopathologic evaluation.

Bowen, W.D. 1997. Role of marine mammals in aquatic ecosystems. Mar. Ecol. Progress Series 158: 267-274.

Bowen, W.D., and D.B. Siniff. 1999. Distribution, population biology, and feeding ecology of marine mammals. Chap. 9 in: Reynolds, J.E., III and S.A. Rommel (eds.). Biology of marine mammals. Washington & London, Smithsonian Inst. Press (578 pp.): 423-484.

Boyd, I.L., C. Lockyer, and H.D. Marsh. 1999. Reproduction in marine mammals. Chap. 6 in: Reynolds, J.E., III and R.R. Reeves (eds.). Biology of marine mammals. Washington & London, Smithsonian Inst. Press (578 pp.): 218-286.

Bradle, J. L., S. D. Wright, and P. M. McGuire. 1993. The Florida manatee: Cytochrome B DNA sequence. Marine Mammal Science 9 (2):197-202.

Branson, B.A., and M.L. Branson. 2000. Mermaids, manatees, and dugongs. Biology Digest 26(6): 10-17.

Brimley, H.H. 1931. The manatee in North Carolina. Journal of Mammalogy 12:320-321.

Brown, L.N. 1997. A guide to the mammals of the southeastern United States. Knoxville, Univ. of Tennessee Press. [Manatee, 175-178.]

Brownell, R.L., Jr., K. Ralls, and W.E. Perrin. 1995. Marine mammal biodiversity: three diverse orders encompass 119 species. Oceanus 38(2): 30-33.

Bryden, M.M., H. Marsh, and P.D. Shaughnessy. 1998. Dugongs, whales, dolphins and seals: a guide to the sea mammals of Australasia. St. Leonards (Australia), Allen & Unwin: 1-176.

Buckingham, C.A., L.W. Lefebvre, J.M. Schaefer, and H.I. Kochman. 1999. Manatee response to boating activity in athermal refuge. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 27(2): 514-522.

Buckingham, Cheryl A. 1990. An evaluation of manatee distributon (sic) patterns in response to public use activities in Kings Bay, Crystal River, Florida. Gainesville, Florida: Florida Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit and Chassahowitzka National Wildlife Refuge.

Buckingham, Cheryl A., Lynn W. Lefevre, Joseph M. Schaefer, and Howard I. Kochman. 1999. Manatee response to boating activity in a thermal refuge. Wildlife Society Bulletin 27 (2):514-522.

Buergelt, Claus D., Robert K. Bonde, Cathy A. Beck, and Thomas J. O'Shea. 1984. Pathologic findings in manatees in Florida. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 185 (11):1331-1334.

Bullock, Theodore H., Daryl P. Domning, and Robin C. Best. 1980. Evoked brain potentials demonstrate hearing in a manatee (Trichechus inunguis). Journal of Mammalogy 61 (1):130-133.

Bullock, Theodore H., Thomas J. O'Shea, and Michael C. McClune. 1982. Auditory evoked potentials in the West Indian manatee (Sirenia: Trichechus manatus). Journal of Comparative Physiology A 148:547-554.

Butler, A., and P. Jernaoff. 1999. Seagrass in Australia. Strategic review and development of an R&D Plan. CSIRO Publishing, P.O. Box 1139, Collingwood, Australia.

Butler, P. J., and D. R. Jones. 1997. Physiology of diving of birds and mammals. Physiological Reviews 77 (3):837-899.

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Caldas, S.T. 2003. Floats of fancy. BBC Wildlife 21(4): 56-58. [Manatees in Brazil.]

Caldwell, David K., and Melba C. Caldwell. 1985. Manatees-Trichechus manatus, Trichechus senegalensis, and Trichechus inunguis. In Handbook of Marine Mammals Volume 3 The Sirenians and Baleen Whales, edited by S. H. Ridgway and S. R. Harrison, F.R.S. New York: Academic Press.

Cantanhede, A. M., V. M. F. da Silva, I. P. Farias, T. Ashrbek, S. M. Lazzarini, and J. Alves-Gomes. 2005. Phylogeography and population genetics of the endangered Amazonian manatee, Trichechus inunguis Natterer, 1883 (Mammalia, Sirenia). Molecular Ecology 14:401-413. **

Capasso, L. 1997. Osteoma: palaeopathology and phylogeny. Internatl. Jour. Osteoarchaeology 7: 615-620.

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Marsh, H., Arnold, P., Freeman, M., Haynes, D., Kasuya, T., Read, A. & Reynolds, J. (2003). Strategies for conserving marine mammals. In Marine Mammals: Fisheries, Tourism and Management Issues. Ed Gales, N., Hindell, M. and Kirwood, R. CSIRO, Australia. Pp 1-19.

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Marsh, H., P.J. Corkeron, I. Lawler, J.M. Lanyon, and A.R. Preen. 1996. The status of dugongs in the Great Barrier Reef region, south of Cape Bedford. Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority Research Publication No. 41: 1-80.

Marsh, H., P.W. Arnold, C.J. Limpus, A. Birtles, B. Breen, J. Robins, and R. Williams. 1997. Endangered and charismatic megafauna. In: The Great Barrier Reef: science, use and management. A national conference .... 25-29 November 1996, James Cook University of North Queensland, Townsville, Queensland, Australia. Proceedings, Volume 1, Invited Papers: 124-138.

Marsh, H., A.N.M. Harris, and I.R. Lawler. 1997. The sustainability of the indigenous dugong fishery in Torres Strait, Australia/Papua New Guinea. Conserv. Biol. 11(6): 1375-1386.

Marsh, H., and H. Penrose. 2001. Seasonal distribution of dugong in the southern GBR Marine Park. 41 pp. (not printed, only available at following website):

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Marsh, H., G. E. Heinsohn, and P. W. Channells. 1984. Changes in the ovaries and uterus of the dugong, Dugong dugong (Sirenia:Dugongidae), with age and reproductive activity. Australian Journal of Zoology 32:743-766.

Marsh, H., G. E. Heinsohn, and T. D. Glover. 1984. Changes in the male reproductive organs of the dugong, Dugong dugon (Sirenian:Dugongidae) with age and reproductive activity. Australian Journal of Zoology 32:721-742.

Marsh Helene; Ivan R. Lawler; Donna Kwan; Steve Delean; Kenneth Pollock; and Matthew Alldredge. 2004. Aerial surveys and the potential biological removal technique indicate that the Torres Strait dugong fishery is unsustainable. Animal Conservation 7:435-443.**

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Marsh, H., P. Corkerson, I. Lawler, and A. Preen. 1996. The Status of the Dugong in the Southern Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. Townsville, Queensland, Australia: Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority.

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